Church-based social action reduces crime and antisocial behaviour 

From research by Revd Peter Wyatt, Croydon

Peter Wyatt, vicar of St Francis C of E, Selsdon examined the effect of church-led social action projects on crime and antisocial behaviour (ASB) in deprived council estates, focusing on Monks Hill in Croydon, UK. The research compares Monks Hill, where churches have actively run social projects, with three similar estates lacking such initiatives, over the period 2010–2023.

Monks Hill is a small council estate of about 3,000 people, ranking among the 14% most deprived areas in the UK as of 2019. Since 1999, two churches - Croydon Jubilee Church and St Francis - have implemented various social action projects, including youth work, food pantries, community lunches, a Men’s Shed, vegetable growing, and cooking classes. These initiatives intensified after 2019, culminating in a new community hub in 2021.

The estate’s transformation is notable: once considered the worst in Croydon, it is now regarded as one of the best, a change attributed by local leaders to the churches’ involvement.

Previous studies have explored whether church-based social action impacts crime and ASB, and what mechanisms might explain such effects. These have shown:

• Studies, especially from the USA, show a correlation between the size of religious congregations and lower crime rates, particularly in deprived areas. Areas with larger, outward-focused church congregations had up to 22% lower property and violent crime rates.
• There are several theories which could explain these effects. Firstly, religious teachings provide a moral framework. Secondly, church involvement strengthens community ties. Thirdly, Christians offer positive role models and lastly, religious support buffers against life stresses.

Recent research also suggests that the presence of outward-focused religious organizations has a greater impact on crime than individual religiosity.

So, what was the outcome in Monks Hill?

• From 2010–2022, Monks Hill saw only a 2% change in reported crime, compared to increases of 18–36% in the other estates and a 50% rise nationally.
• Monks Hill’s violent crime rose by 25%, far less than the 68–133% increases in the comparison areas.
• ASB reports in Monks Hill fell by 72% (2011–2023), compared to 41–69% drops elsewhere and a 51% decrease across London.
• Interviews with community workers and residents highlighted the estate’s transformation. Previously plagued by vandalism, aggression, and victimisation, Monks Hill now enjoys greater peace and respect among youths. The founding of the Monks Hill Community Association after a gang-related murder in 2016 marked a turning point, with close collaboration between the association and St Francis Church.

Local leaders attribute the change to church-based projects, citing their spiritual and practical support, motivated volunteers, and the positive atmosphere created by prayer and compassion.

Analysing this further, churches can gather and deploy resources for the benefit of the wider community. This includes volunteers, funding, facilities and partnerships with local organizations, charities, and authorities.

Social capital is increased by bringing people together through activities, helping create new connections among residents, building trust and providing opportunities for development which strengthens the community’s resilience.

Community cohesion is increased through projects being open to everyone, breaking down barriers, reducing social isolation, providing safe places, addressing practical needs and responding to crises.

Therefore, community well-being is improved - the whole area becomes safer, more supportive, and more connected, which benefits everyone living there.

Church attendance at St Francis Monks Hill increased from an average of 47 (2020) to 76 (2024), attributed to the church’s active engagement in social action. New attendees include beneficiaries of these projects and others attracted by the church’s vibrant community involvement.

To summarise, church-led social action projects in deprived areas like Monks Hill can significantly reduce crime and antisocial behaviour, foster community cohesion, and increase church attendance, making them a valuable strategy for improving urban life. Policymakers, funders, and church leaders should therefore support and expand such initiatives, highlighting their cost-effectiveness and positive impact on quality of life.

Download the full research here.